Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger, 1899)
Spotted tilapia
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Pelmatolapia mariae
图片提供人 Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
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图片提供人 Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies) 鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) > Cichlidae (Cichlids) 麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Eponymy: Mary Henrietta Kingsley (1862–1900) was an ethnographic and scientific writer and explorer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Boulenger.
Eponymy: Mary Henrietta Kingsley (1862–1900) was an ethnographic and scientific writer and explorer. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Boulenger.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19. 熱帶; 20°C - 25°C (Ref. 1672); 9°N - 2°N, 9°W - 11°E (Ref. 55202)
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Africa: coastal lagoons and lower river courses from the Tabou River (Côte d'Ivoire) to the Kribi River (Cameroon), but absent from the area between the Pra River (Ghana) and Benin (Ref. 53405). Also recorded from the lower Ntem, Cameroon (81260).
非洲: 到迦納西南部的海岸低地與潟湖從 Tabou 河 (象牙海岸) 與從貝南到 Kribi 河 (喀麥隆) 東南部.
非洲: 到迦納西南部的海岸低地與潟湖從 Tabou 河 (象牙海岸) 與從貝南到 Kribi 河 (喀麥隆) 東南部.
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.3 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 81260); common length : 17.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 32.3 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 81260); common length : 17.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大体重: 1.4 kg (Ref. 40637)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 15 - 17; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 10 - 11. Diagnosis: body rather elevated (body depth 46.9-51.6% SL) (Ref. 53405). Head profile rounded (Ref. 81260). Outer teeth on jaws bicuspid (Ref. 53405), gracile (Ref. 81260) and spatulated (Ref. 53405, 81260). Lower pharyngeal jaw teeth relatively small and narrow near posterior border of bone, forming an almost felt-like covering (Ref. 81260). Micro-gillrakers present; adults (> 150 mm) with a series of dark blotches in the middle of the flanks (sometimes body entirely blackish) (Ref. 53405, 81260). Juveniles with 7-9 large vertical bands (Ref. 53405). Ventral scales with central red spot; 12 or more rakers on lower limb of first gill arch (Ref. 81260).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Live in still or flowing waters in rocky or mud-bottom areas (Ref. 44894). Occur in warm springs and mud-bottomed to sand-bottomed canals (Ref. 5723). Clearly prefers a herbivorous diet, including algae, higher plants and parts of cassava, but also accepts insects and shrimps (along with their eggs) (Ref. 52307). Consume plant matter. Reache sexual maturity at 10-15 centimeters length. Parents prepare nest site on logs, leaves and other debris. Prolific species (Ref. 52307). The eggs (600-3300 per female) are guarded by the parents and hatch in 1-3 days. Larvae need 6-8 additional days to develop before they can swim freely (Ref. 52307). Parental care of the brood continues until the fish are about (1.5 cm, Ref. 52307) 2.5-3.0 centimeters (Ref. 44894). Occurs in mixed groups composed of individuals of varying size/age, along with individuals of other species (Ref. 52307). Pair-bonding, open (Ref. 52307) substrate brooder (Ref. 52307, 81260) with both parents guarding the brood (Ref. 52307). Maximum size was recorded at 39.4 cm TL (Ref. 40637).
在岩石的或泥底区域中生活在静止或流动的水域。 (参考文献 44894) 出现于温暖的泉水与泥质底的对砂质底的管.(参考文献 5723) 吃植物事件。 在 10-15 公分长度达成性成熟。 亲鱼在圆木, 树叶与其他的残砾上准备巢位置。 卵 (600-3300 每母鱼) 被由父母保卫而且在 1-3 天内孵化。 亲代养育窝继续，直到鱼是大约 2.5-3.0个公分.(参考文献 44894)
在岩石的或泥底区域中生活在静止或流动的水域。 (参考文献 44894) 出现于温暖的泉水与泥质底的对砂质底的管.(参考文献 5723) 吃植物事件。 在 10-15 公分长度达成性成熟。 亲鱼在圆木, 树叶与其他的残砾上准备巢位置。 卵 (600-3300 每母鱼) 被由父母保卫而且在 1-3 天内孵化。 亲代养育窝继续，直到鱼是大约 2.5-3.0个公分.(参考文献 44894)
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Produces up to 2000 eggs.非洲: 到迦納西南部的海岸低地與潟湖從 Tabou 河 (象牙海岸) 與從貝南到 Kribi 河 (喀麥隆) 東南部.
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 : Kullander, Sven O. | 合作者
Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen, 2013. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "Tilapia". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
无害处的
人类利用
游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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基于模型的估算
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804): PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01585 (0.01361 - 0.01845), b=3.00 (2.96 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 2.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 2,000).
营养素 (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 195 [105, 334] mg/100g; Iron = 1.41 [0.84, 2.69] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.247 [0.139, 0.509] g/100g; Selenium = 47.5 [28.7, 82.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.7 [4.6, 38.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.8 [1.3, 2.7] mg/100g (wet weight);