Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > 
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > 
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)						
							
							Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Eduard Suess (1831–1914) was an Austrian palaeontologist, geologist and malacologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.						
					 
			
			
			
			
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / profondeur / distribution range					
						Écologie					
				
				
				
					marin démersal. Tropical; 12°N - , 43°E -  (Ref. 114953)				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Western Indian Ocean:  known from the type locality, harbor of Perim, at Mocca (Mocho), Red Sea.
				
				
			
			
				
					Taille / Poids / Âge
				
				
				
					Maturité: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 23.2 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 83892); 29.1 cm TL (female)				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Biology little known. Probably reaches ca. 40 cm TL; males mature before 23 cm TL (Ref. 114953).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves				
				
				
				
				Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo, 2002. Torpedo adenensis, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Menace pour l'homme  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
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					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Réf. 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00665 - 0.03288), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Niveau trophique  (Réf. 
69278):  4.1   ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						Résilience  (Réf. 
120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Live bearer with low fecundity.).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 
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