Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > 
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > 
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)						
							
							Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Eduard Suess (1831–1914) was an Austrian palaeontologist, geologist and malacologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.						
					 
			
			
			
			
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / rango de profundidad / distribution range					
						Ecología					
				
				
				
					marino demersal. Tropical; 12°N - , 43°E -  (Ref. 114953)				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Western Indian Ocean:  known from the type locality, harbor of Perim, at Mocca (Mocho), Red Sea.
				
				
			
			
				
					Tamaño / Peso / Age
				
				
				
					Madurez: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 23.2 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 83892); 29.1 cm TL (female)				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Biology little known. Probably reaches ca. 40 cm TL; males mature before 23 cm TL (Ref. 114953).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva				
				
				
				
				Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo, 2002. Torpedo adenensis, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Threat to humans  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
									
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
Herramientas
				
			
			
			
				
Special reports
 
				
			
			
			
				
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					Fuentes de Internet
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (Referencia 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00665 - 0.03288), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Nivel trófico  (Referencia 
69278):  4.1   ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						Resiliencia  (Referencia 
120179):  Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (Live bearer with low fecundity.).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 
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