Classification / Names  				 
				आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa				
			
				
				 इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) > 
Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > 
Torpedinidae (Electric rays)						
							
							Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Eduard Suess (1831–1914) was an Austrian palaeontologist, geologist and malacologist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Steindachner.						
					 
			
			
			
			
				
					Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range					
						पारिस्थितिकी					
				
				
				
					समुद्री ड़िमरसल. Tropical; 12°N - , 43°E -  (Ref. 114953)				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Western Indian Ocean:  known from the type locality, harbor of Perim, at Mocca (Mocho), Red Sea.
				
				
			
			
				
					आकार / वज़न / Age
				
				
				
					परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
 Max length : 23.2 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 83892); 29.1 cm TL (female)				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Biology little known. Probably reaches ca. 40 cm TL; males mature before 23 cm TL (Ref. 114953).			
			 
			
			
			
				
					Life cycle and mating behavior					
					परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा				
				
				
				
				Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					de Carvalho, M.R., M.F.W. Stehmann and L.G. Manilo, 2002. Torpedo adenensis, a new species of electric ray from the Gulf of Aden, with comments on nominal species of Torpedo from the western Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and adjacent areas (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Am. Mus. Novit. 3369:1-34. (Ref. 83892)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Threat to humans  
				
				
				
					  Harmless				
				
			 
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
									
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
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					इंटरनेट स्रोत
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (संदर्भ 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.00665 - 0.03288), b=2.96 (2.77 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					Trophic level  (संदर्भ 
69278):  4.1   ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						लौटाव  (संदर्भ 
120179):  निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Live bearer with low fecundity.).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 
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